He Said they are cured?

ok let's check out this l.a. times talk about.
i guess it is so very ridiculous, right?
if some christians want gay to change their life to the opposite path of their desire?
it's just the same way as we're asking a straight woman to be totally lesbian, or begging a straight man to be totally not desiring for woman [be completely gay]~!!!

i dont know what is it in their head?
they dont see people by the inside but just appearances [you know what i mean.]
like we see a doll!!!! they want other people to be like what they desire!
it's totally insane!
and so many insident in church, why dont they take care of this first?
how come you want to change tiger's desire of eating meat become vegetarian?

it's all just the fake, right?
they said they are fine and totally straight but i dont believe that they've lost even for small amount of desire or attraction to the man!
it's just forcing or compeling their own heart~!....

if a gay is a mistakes, you know, hmmm i think parents should use condom
since the very first time making love till forever.
just not making baby! hahaha
because the source of problem is who make a gay be born?
that's the point right?
even Lord himself, He didnt squeeze woman's breast or makin' love with woman.
but yes, The Almighty made love with her mother. [as it is said in bible]
why is it still be debated? why people debate about homo?

even in the country like Amerika Serikat [United States of America]
where education and science develop so very sophisticated and in the front line than in Asia, why are they still debating the useless topic of this!

'coz, this is nature phenomena!
you are against the universe and cosmic law!
because being gay is not making it up! we can not!
"~~~~it's been made up!~~~~"

then what is the use of therapy for? included the psychiatrist who try to alter one to be another one!
they are nothing more than just for MAKIN' MONEY
you pay to them a bunch of money, and then they can not make anything.
because it is not illness! how can you cure anything that not an ill!
on the contrary, they made a new illness in the future!
pain and emptiness. try to convert someone becoming other personality

If American, European and people all over the world fear of gay and also homophobia
THE ONLY EFFECTIVE THERAPHY is make your ovarium and sperm damage or disorder.
or prohibit man having sex with woman! then no more gay and lesbian be born in the future! that's what you people very desire, to get rid of gay and lesbian.
i think this is the best way to all of you who hate or antipathy to gay and lesbian.
you must prevent all of your friends, neighbours, and included your family not to havin' sex or at least kill ur sperm and ovum so that you will never see a gay, lesbian or anything you dont like it exsist in this world.

and now, so, i dont believe Religion led us to peace then!
because it is from the church and also inside of that which said to be holly book that there are several problems. and religion also taking part of the chaostic to entire human life in the world.

like Lord ever said:
Matius 10:34-36 "Do not think that I came to bring peace on earth. I did not come to bring peace but a sword." For I have come to `set a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, and a daughterinlaw against her motherinlaw and `a man's enemies [will be] those of his [own] household."
....

and after we believe in Him, then what happened now?
i feel been backstab all this time!
they talk so sweet to church members but sometimes also givin somekind of provocation
to people in there in smooth way but the point is condamning other religions,
people's culture, etc! and especially homosexualy. ok i'm sorry, i just feel like
someone led me to the middle of the forest and leave me alone there with no compass.
and i am very dissapointed by the church with their half eye seeing entire world by the unjust.

ok nevermind, let's see these news talk about:

From the Los Angeles Times
New ground in debate on 'curing' gays
Christian ministries who see homosexuality as a treatable disorder are starting to think that choice may not be a factor.
By Stephanie Simon
Times Staff Writer

June 18, 2007

Alan Chambers directs Exodus International, widely described as the nation's largest ex-gay ministry. But when he addresses the group's Freedom Conference at Concordia University in Irvine this month, Chambers won't celebrate successful "ex-gays."

Truth is, he's not sure he's ever met one.

With years of therapy, Chambers says, he has mostly conquered his own attraction to men; he's a husband and a father, and he identifies as straight. But lately, he's come to resent the term "ex-gay": It's too neat, implying a clean break with the past, when he still struggles at times with homosexual temptation. "By no means would we ever say change can be sudden or complete," Chambers said.

His personal denunciation of the term "ex-gay" — his organization has yet to follow suit — is just one example of shifting ground in the polarizing debate on homosexuality.

Despite the fundamental gulf that divides them, gay-rights activists and those who see homosexuality as a sinful disorder are starting to reach agreement on some practical points.

Chambers and other Exodus leaders talk deliberately about a possible biological basis for homosexuality, in part to explain that no one can turn a switch and flip from gay to straight, no matter how hard they pray.

A leading conservative theologian outside the ex-gay movement recently echoed the view that homosexuality may not be a choice, but a matter of DNA. To the shock and anger of many of his constituents, the Rev. R. Albert Mohler Jr., president of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, wrote that "we should not be surprised" to find a genetic basis for sexual orientation.

That's heretical to many conservative Christians. But it's a view increasingly embraced by the public at large; a Gallup Poll last month found that 42% of adults believe sexual orientation is present at birth. (Three decades ago, when Gallup first asked the question, just 13% held that view.)

Mohler's willingness to discuss the issue was welcomed by Dr. Jack Drescher, a New York psychiatrist who advocates for gay rights and has been a vocal critic of the ex-gay movement. "I saw it as a sign of openness," Drescher said.

"Something's happening. And I think it's very positive," agreed Michael Bussee, who founded Exodus in 1976, only to fall in love with another man — a fellow ex-gay counselor.

Now a licensed family therapist in Riverside, Bussee regularly speaks out against ex-gay therapies and is scheduled to address the Ex-Gay Survivor's Conference at UC Irvine at the end of the month.

But Bussee put aside his protest agenda recently to endorse new guidelines to sexual identity therapy, co-written by two professors at conservative Christian colleges.

He and other gay activists — along with major mental-health associations — still reject therapy aimed at "liberating" or "curing" gays. But Bussee is willing to acknowledge potential in therapy that does not promise change but instead offers patients help in managing their desires and modifying their behavior to match their religious values — even if that means a life of celibacy.

"It's about helping clients accept that they have these same-sex attractions and then allowing them the space, free from bias, to choose how they want to act," said Lee Beckstead, a gay psychologist in Salt Lake City who uses this approach.

The guidelines for this type of therapy — written by Warren Throckmorton of Grove City College and Mark Yarhouse of Regent University — have been endorsed by representatives on both the left and right. The list includes the provost of a conservative evangelical college and the psychiatrist whose gay-rights advocacy in the 1970s got homosexuality removed from the official medical list of mental disorders.

"What appeals to me is that it moves away from the total polarization" common in the field, said Dr. Robert Spitzer, the psychiatrist.

"For many years, mental-health professionals have taken the view that since homosexuality is not a mental disorder, any attempt to change sexual orientation is unwise," said Spitzer, a Columbia University professor.

Some therapies are widely considered dangerous, and some rely on discredited psychological theories. "But for healthcare professionals to tell someone they don't have the right to make an effort to bring their actions into harmony with their values is hubris," Spitzer said.

Activists on both sides caution that the rapprochement only goes so far.

Critics of Exodus note the group still sponsors speakers who attribute homosexuality to bad parenting and assert that gays and lesbians live short, unhappy lives.

And though Chambers has disavowed the term "ex-gay," his group's ads give the distinct impression that it's possible to leave homosexuality completely behind.

The Irvine conference, for instance, is being promoted with radio spots that talk of "sudden, radical and complete" transformation. (Chambers apologized for those ads in a recent interview, saying they were meant to urge church leaders to radically change the way they treat gays and lesbians, not to imply that conference-goers would magically transform their orientation.)

The American Psychological Assn. set up a task force this spring to revise the group's policy on sexual orientation therapy. The current policy is a decade old and fairly vague; it states that homosexuality is not a disorder and that therapists can't make false claims about their treatments.

The new policy, due early next year, must help psychologists uphold two ethical principles as they work with patients unhappy about their sexuality: "Respect for the autonomy and dignity of the patient, and a duty to do no harm," said Clinton Anderson, the association's director for lesbian, gay and bisexual concerns. "It's a balancing act."

stephanie.simon@latimes.com

Pope Benedict XVI’s apology for child abuse

Pope Benedict XVI’s apology for chronic child abuse
within the Catholic Church fails
to calm the anger of victims



DUBLIN — Pope Benedict XVI’s unprecedented letter to Ireland apologizing for chronic child abuse within the Catholic Church failed Saturday to calm the anger of many victims, who accused the Vatican of ducking its own responsibility in promoting a worldwide culture of cover-up.

Benedict’s message — the product of weeks of consultation with Irish bishops, who read it aloud at Masses across this predominantly Catholic nation — rebuked Ireland’s church leaders for “grave errors of judgment” in failing to observe the church’s secretive canon laws.

The pope, who himself stands accused of approving the transfer of an accused priest for treatment rather than informing German police during his 1977-82 term as Munich archbishop, suggested that child-abusing priests could have been expelled quickly had Irish bishops applied the church’s own laws correctly. He pledged a church inspection of unspecified dioceses and orders in Ireland to ensure their child-protection policies were effective.

He also appealed to priests still harboring sins of child molestation to confess.
“Openly acknowledge your guilt, submit yourselves to the demands of justice, but do not despair of God’s mercy,” he wrote.

But Benedict offered no endorsement of three official Irish investigations that found the church leadership to blame for the scale and longevity of abuse heaped on Irish children throughout the 20th century.

The Vatican refused to cooperate with those 2001-09 probes into the Dublin Archdiocese, the rural Ferns diocese and Ireland’s defunct network of workhouse-style dormitory schools for the Irish poor.

The investigations, directed by senior Irish judges and lawyers, ruled that Catholic leaders protected the church’s reputation from scandal at the expense of children — and began passing their first abuse reports to police in 1996 only after victims began to sue the church.

Nor did Benedict’s letter mention recent revelations of abuse cover-ups in a growing list of European nations, particularly his German homeland, where more than 300 claimants this year have alleged abuse in Catholic schools and a choir long run by the pope’s brother.

In the latest development, the leader of the German Bishops Conference apologized Saturday for failing to protect children adequately from a pedophile priest in the early 1990s in his diocese of Freiburg. Archbishop Robert Zollitsch, who was in charge of human resources and staffing at the time, said he should have done more to investigate the priest, who was forced into retirement in 1991 and committed suicide four years later when fresh complaints arose.

Rights campaigners in Ireland and abroad forecast that more victims in more nations will keep coming forward and opening new fronts of criticism, because the pope’s promotion of secretive canon laws remains at the heart of an unsolved problem.

We know this policy of secrecy was worldwide. The more that victims speak out, the more the scandals will spread,” said Marie Collins, who was repeatedly raped by a Dublin priest while aged 13 and hospitalized in 1960. Her attacker wasn’t removed from the priesthood and imprisoned until 1997.

While a cardinal at the Vatican, Joseph Ratzinger, now the pope, wrote a 2001 letter instructing bishops worldwide to report all cases of abuse to his office and keep church investigations secret under threat of excommunication.

The Vatican insists the secrecy rules serve only to protect the integrity of the church’s investigations, and should not be taken to mean the church should not tell police of their members’ crimes.
But victims’ advocates in Ireland and the United States said the pope again failed to make it clear whether the church considers the secular law a higher priority than canon law when seeking to stop a pedophile priest.
“The letter’s underlying goal seems to have been to appease the outrage while keeping the church in control of its incriminating information,” said Terry McKiernan, president of a Web-based pressure group, BishopAccountability.org, that chronicles Catholic abuse scandals worldwide.

“He should have demanded that the bishops release all pertinent files and other information about all credibly accused priests. He should have demanded that every complicit official be named publicly and forced to resign,” McKiernan said.

Irish victims’ leaders are seeking the resignations of any bishops who transferred pedophile priests to new parishes rather than report them to police — a demand that, if applied, would likely claim the majority of Ireland’s 27 bishops, given their failure to tell police of any crimes until 1996. But the pope has yet to accept even the three-month-old resignations offered by three Irish bishops linked to Dublin Archdiocese cover-ups.

The Vatican’s chief spokesman, the Rev. Federico Lombardi, said the pope’s letter contained no punitive provisions because it was pastoral, not administrative or disciplinary in nature. He said any decisions concerning resignations would be taken by the competent Vatican offices.

Benedict faulted the Irish bishops for failing “sometimes grievously” to apply the church’s own laws requiring child-abusing priests to be removed from the priesthood.

But he didn’t rebuke them for failing to report abuse to police, saying instead they must prevent future abuse and “continue to cooperate with civil authorities.”

He also repeated an excuse for the bishops’ inaction that has been rejected by the Irish investigations — that they didn’t understand the scale or criminality of child abuse until recent years.

“I recognize how difficult it was to grasp the extent and complexity of the problem, to obtain reliable information and to make the right decisions in the light of conflicting expert advice,” Benedict wrote in remarks addressed to the Irish bishops.

However, the Irish investigators forced the church to hand over its copious files on abuse cases dating back to the 1950s. They unearthed a paper trail confirming the Irish bishops’ successful acquisition of group liability insurance in the 1980s, a decade before the deluge of lawsuits. And they found cases where Catholic officials in the 1960s reported school employees to police for abusing children, showing they understood even then it was a crime.

Andrew Madden, a former Dublin altar boy who in 1995 became Ireland’s first pedophile-priest victim to go public with a lawsuit against the church, said the pope had missed the whole point of a meaningful apology.

“I don’t need the pope to apologize for the child abusers. I, and untold thousands of victims like me, needed the pope to apologize for the church hierarchy’s role in choosing to protect the abusers at the expense of children. That’s the real scandal, and the pope has been involved in that. He’s not an innocent bystander,” Madden said.
Massgoers arriving Saturday at central Dublin churches and in Armagh, the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland, were greeted with piles of the pope’s letter. Some lauded its readability and frank tone.

“I thought it was lovely. I thought it was very moving, and I hope it brings some help to all the victims,” said one Armagh worshipper, Annette O’Hara. “They’re the ones we should be praying for.”

But outside a Dublin church, truck driver Tomas O’Reilly said he doubted the pope’s sincerity and was unhappy with putting money in the collection plate. “I don’t want to be paying the church’s legal bills. They’ve only themselves to blame,” he said.
At the Vatican, Lombardi was peppered with questions about why Benedict didn’t directly address the German scandal or take the opportunity in the letter to make a more sweeping commentary on the global dimensions of the scandal.

Lombardi said the Irish scandal was unique in its scope, but said the pope’s letter could be read to apply to other countries and cases.
“You can’t talk about the entire world every time,” he said. “It risks becoming banal.”



Created: 3/20/2010 Updated: 3/20/2010
By SHAWN POGATCHNIK
Associated Press Writer

He said he wants to be a straight!!!

someone said that yes i'm a gay, and i want to be a straight in the future.
yes you can make a determination about this, but i never imagine or never heard about
a gay switch himself to be totally straight! Fat Chance! coz i feel this gay thing is not sickness/illness you can cured it and then disapeared from your memory. Many people believe, in religionally, that about being gay is becoz God cursed you.
this is the way over my head, i dont get it why in this era, people still believe in such a superstitious.



society, culture and all environment aspects emphasized you to be a straight, but...!!! if you can not control yourself from the people, dont judge yourself to be another person. coz it's just bilking yourself. it's deceitful. dont be so cruel to yourself. no matter what you do or wish to be, go to the seminar, psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy or any other places, it's just a lost cause. believe me!

keep your chin up! being gay is not a mistake!
we are also human. human also has a right to be happy. no matter what your gender is.

AND IF YOU CARE ABOUT THIS YOU CAN VISIT THE TYRASHOW
TO PARTICIPATE ON THIS GAY CASE.
you can fill what's been crossed your mind about gay in that website polling.

What should be cured?

Can homosexuality be cured?

"A sexual orientation is not a disease. Attempting to cure homosexuality is like trying to cure having red hair. One can mask having red hair with dye and one can mask homosexuality by acting straight, but one does not cure homosexuality or red hair"

Unlike diseases that need to be treated or cured, one's sexual orientation does not need treatment. A homosexual does not need to be cured of being gay any more than a heterosexual needs to be cured of being straight. As early as 1935, Sigmund Freud wrote the mother of a homosexual man saying, "Homosexuality is assuredly no advantage, but it is nothing to be ashamed of, no vice, no degradation, it cannot be classified as an illness." The American Psychological Association's position is that gay and bisexual people are not mentally ill because of their sexual orientation and do not need treatment for their sexual orientation.

Gay people are good parents and do not need to change their sexual orientation to be parents. The American Psychiatric Association indicates studies show that the children of gay and lesbian parents are not qualitatively different than the children of straight parents. One can read about that on the American Psychiatric Association web site.

According to the American Psychiatric Association, no "rigorous" scientific studies show the benefits of therapy aimed at changing a gay person's sexual orientation. Rodrigo Munoz, a president of the American Psychiatric Association, is quoted as saying "There is no scientific evidence that reparative or conversion therapy is effective in changing a person's sexual orientation. There is, however, evidence that this type of therapy can be destructive." Some risks of therapy that attempts to change a gay person's sexual orientation include the following:
Depression
Anxiety
Self-destructive behavior

More information about the American Psychatric Association position can be read on the web sites of the American Psychiatric Association and the Association of Gay and Lesbian Psychiatrists. One can read about the American Psychological Association's position on Reparative Therapy, a therapy aimed at changing gay people's sexual orientation, on the University of California - Davis web site.

Organizations representing over 470,000 United States mental health care professionals take a stand against trying to use therapy to change the sexual orientation of gay people. Those organizations include the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Counseling Association, the American Psychological Association, the American Psychiatric Association, the National Association of School Psychologists and the National Association of Social Workers. There appears to be agreement among the professional associations representing social workers, counsellors, psychologists and psychiatrists that counselling should not have the goal to change an individual from gay to straight. Anybody considering therapy to attempt to change either themselves or a loved one's sexual orientation should exercise extreme caution!

26th The Folsom Street Fair

In 2009 the world's largest leather event,

will take place on Sunday, September 27, 2009 from 11:00 AM to 6:00 PM.

I think this is the best leather fair ever happened in USA.
although i've never been there, but i feel it's so interesting
with style and a week's worth of truly outstanding events and programs
over the course of San Francisco Leather Week.
this event filled with people in their most outrageous leather attire
enjoying this program.

The Folsom Street Fair originally from San Fransisco.
this is the largest leather fair in the world
With over 400,000 visitors covering 13 city blocks,



This 2009 of 26th Folsom Street Fair will offer
250+ exciting and sexy exhibitors and vendors,
hot food and cold drinks, and tons of artistic and cultural entertainment.
The event hosts two live stages with 16 live alternative acts,
a huge dance area with internationally renowned DJs, a dedicated area for women ("Venus' Playground") and a newly inaugurated artists' area" wrote the Folsom Street fair team on its website

The Up Your Alley Fair is always scheduled on



the last Sunday in July.
This 2009 the Up Your Alley Fair (held on Dore Alley) is scheduled for Sunday,
July 26, 2009 from 11 a.m. to 6 p.m.

location:
San Francisco's South of Market district
on Folsom Street between 7th and 12th Streets.



The Up Your Alley Fair is located in San Francisco's South of Market district on Dore Alley between Folsom and Howard Streets and the adjoining blocks of Folsom Street between 9th and Juniper Streets. The Up Your Alley Fair is a more local event, much the same as the Folsom Street Fair, except on a smaller scale. Approximately 12,000+ leatherfolk attend. In 2008 we added Tenth Street to the fair grounds and moved the Magnitude Dance area there in order to alleviate crowding.

ticket:
Addmission to the Up Your Alley Fair and the Folsom Street Fair is free with a suggested donation of $7.00. Attendees who choose to provide the suggested donation receive a sticker which entitles them to $1.00 off all beverage prices.

the rule:



"We also strictly enforce the 21 or over restriction on beer and liquor sales. So if you are under 21, please don't try and purchase alcohol. We will card you." said BSF team

Transportation:
San Francisco has extensive public transportation provided by MUNI (cable cars, buses, streetcars, subway trains); taxicabs and BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit). BART also connects to SFO as well as Oakland and the East Bay. Tickets are required for the use of BART. Other public transportation requires coins or passes. Passes for multiple-day use can be purchased from MUNI.

Next year, in 2010, the Folsom Street Fair will take place on Sunday, September 26, 2010. Remember the Folsom Street Fair is always scheduled for the last Sunday in September.



for more information
Folsom Street Events
965 Mission, Suite 200
San Francisco, CA 94103
(415) 777-3247 (office)
(415) 777-3248 (fax)
Or via email: finfo@folsomstreetfair.org

Fucking for the Beginner

As with all sexual activity,
practice makes perfect!


watch more videos here

you may find it takes you some time to get used to anal sex and the sex positions that suit you, but once you're relaxed and at ease with it, you'll most likely find anal intercourse a source of great pleasure. Of course, one of the big issues for gay men having anal sex for the first time is whether they see themselves as "active" or "passive". In other words, what sex position do you take? Top or bottom? And what does that say about your masculinity?

There's an image of the active, masculine, man as being the one who fucks the passive, less masculine, man during gay anal sex - but in reality,
both partners are active to some degree.




The man taking his partner's penis is capable of thrusting his hips, moving his pelvis and enjoying the sex just as much as the man who's doing the penile thrusting.
More recently, gay men having sex have been called the "top"
(the one doing the penetration) and the "bottom" (the one being penetrated).

This is better terminology, but it can get confusing if the bottom is, for example, sitting in his partner's lap, since you might argue he was then on top! If you're confused, don't worry - all will become clear. In fact it's probably time to abandon the notion of active and passive sex positions, and think of one's own sexual position as something that can change from time to time.

What makes anal sex pleasurable?

If you don't already know, a man's prostate gland is in an ideal position to be stimulated during anal sex when his partner's penis presses on it
through the wall of his rectum.

The more a sex position that makes that happen, the more pleasurable it will be.
(different sexual positions suit different shapes of erection) In fact,
the prostate will be stimulated by the thrusting of a penis, or finger, or dildo,
or anything else introduced into the rectum.

And this pressure on the prostate is responsible for much of the pleasure
that the man receiving his partner's penis will actually feel;
but the whole area around the anus is erotically sensitive,
and of course there's the emotional thrill of having sex as well.



If you're new to anal sex, the first thing to do is get comfortable with your own anus. You can wash it, lube it up with oil or sex lubricant and gently caress and finger it during masturbation: this will begin to open you up to the erotic possibilities of the area, and get you used to the feeling of being penetrated - albeit by your own finger.

Next, ask your partner to play with your anus as you enjoy mutual masturbation.
The idea, of course, is to learn in steps, and not to expect to know or do everything at once; the basic idea of anal sex is simple, even if you'll need to experiment with the actual sex positions you're going to use.



And as you go along, you'll also find out what sex itself - and interacting with someone else in this most intimate way - means to you, and what it tells you about yourself.

As far as anal sex positions are concerned, you'll probably want to try both roles - that of penetrator and that of being penetrated. You might find one more rewarding or pleasurable for you, or you might like both.

Do you care about Penis? let's talk about size here.

As an addition which related to my previous post about penis size debate
here is a website forum which content
many commentaries from people around the world
about their private stuff.



which i know this site has relation with
Lawrence Barraclough video project (correct me if i'm mistaken)
"My Penis and Everyone Else's"
have you ever watch this video?
this is an amazing documentary video all about penis.
he directed himself this video



he made a statement that he's got a micro penis.
and tried to find the answer and also a comparative reality on this
penis size thing.
which one is normal?
is mikropenis somekind of errors or mistake?

he did a study about this in that video to make a reflection
or inspiration to change what people think, what people believe
on penis?
check out the news about his porjectby click here



And that’s what it seems to have done- with Lawrence receiving thousands of e-mails from men and women from all over the world congratulating him on his films and shedding an honest light on a topic that few would dare to bring up in public.



if you have the torrent uploader
just visit this website and download the torrent.

Small penis pictures:





story about Black male with his penis

normal penis size:

Dude, You're a Fag

"In this superb ethnography of daily life in a contemporary high school, C. J. Pascoe highlights the sexualized dynamics of youthful masculinity. With vivid detail and perceptive analysis, she examines the 'fag talk' which pervades boys' conversations; the convergence of gender, sexual, and racialized practices in school rituals like the 'Mr. Cougar' contest; and the experiences of girls who display themselves as masculine. The result is a book that breaks fresh ground in masculinity and gender studies-and is a very good read!"
--Barrie Thorne, author of Gender Play: Girls and Boys in School

"High school and the difficult terrain of sexuality and gender identity
are brilliantly explored in this smart, incisive ethnography"

Based on eighteen months of fieldwork in a racially diverse working-class
high school, Dude, You're a Fag sheds new light on masculinity both as
a field of meaning and as a set of social practices. C. J. Pascoe's
unorthodox approach analyzes masculinity as not only a gendered process
but also a sexual one.

She demonstrates how the "specter of the fag"
becomes a disciplinary mechanism for regulating
heterosexual as well as homosexual boys and how the "fag discourse"
is as much tied to gender as it is to sexuality.

Paperback: 240 pages
Publisher: University of California Press; 1 edition (June 4, 2007)
Language: English

C.J. Pascoe is Postdoctoral Scholar with
the Digital Youth Project at the Institute
for the Study of Social Change,
University of California, Berkeley.

Struggle to against the Proposition 8

Gay couple won't let Proposition 8 steal their dream



"Two men who moved from Ohio to California
to marry continue to protest the measure's passage"
By Alexandra Zavis (L.A.Times)
December 21, 2008


Fearing taunts and disapproval, they kept their love hidden for nearly two years. But with the Nov. 4 election looming, Christopher Lewis and Cody Horton resolved to take a leap of faith.

Following in the footsteps of generations of adventurers and romantics, the shy young couple from Ohio announced they were heading west to marry and begin a new life in California. They put on dark suits and exchanged vows on an unseasonably balmy afternoon in late October, before family, friends and the wide Pacific Ocean.

Wanting to give back to the state that recognized his union, Lewis took a job as a physician's assistant at a community health center in Tehachapi, southeast of Bakersfield, caring for migrant farm workers. But by the time they had packed up their apartment in Ohio and returned to California, voters had approved a change to the state Constitution that put their marriage in doubt.

Before they moved here, the self-effacing couple had never even seen a demonstration, much less protested themselves. But two days after the election, they drove two hours into Los Angeles and nervously joined the throngs marching in protest against Proposition 8. The next night, they were back on the streets in Long Beach. The night after, in Silver Lake, then Westwood and downtown L.A.

"It just hurt so bad; it's all we could think of doing," Lewis said. "It's all we have left."

They are pessimistic that the California Supreme Court will overturn the ban, despite the high-profile appeals by top politicians, including state Atty. Gen. Jerry Brown.

"I did send a wedding picture to the chief justice and wrote a note on the back of it asking him to share it," Lewis said. "Hopefully, if they see enough faces, they will realize that their decisions make a huge difference."

Lewis, 24, and Horton, 20, found each other online during one lonely Christmas vacation in 2006. Horton was in his last year of high school in Middletown, Ohio. Lewis was studying to become a physician's assistant at Kettering College of Medical Arts, a Seventh-day Adventist school in nearby Dayton.

"It was awful," Lewis said. "We had to take religion classes, and they teach being gay is wrong."

He started searching MySpace pages for anyone listing themselves as gay in the Dayton area. A song posted on Horton's page (Say Anything's "Slowly, Through a Vector") caught Lewis' attention, and he left Horton a message. They chatted online, then agreed to meet at a club. Later, they went to the home of Horton's grandmother, who was out of town. They put on a movie, and Horton put his head on Lewis' shoulder.

It felt right, Lewis said. "We felt like we fit in each other's arms."

At first they met in hotel rooms. "Where else could we go to hug or hold hands?" Lewis said.

After Horton graduated from high school, they found jobs so they could afford an apartment together. But they continued to hide their relationship from most people. More than once, passing motorists shouted abusive comments as they walked down the street together. Some real estate agents refused to show them single-bedroom apartments.

Earlier this year, Lewis bought the nicest ring he could afford -- white gold with three tiny diamonds -- drove Horton to a park and proposed. They hugged and cried. But they could not make the union official.

The only state at the time that performed same-sex marriages was Massachusetts, which requires a couple's home state to recognize such unions. But in May, the California Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to ban same-sex marriage, a decision that did not have the same limits as Massachusetts' law.

Lewis and Horton, thinking there was no rush, began considering a California wedding. In September, realizing that Proposition 8 might pass, they went online to book a Long Beach restaurant and find an officiant.

Horton's father did not realize his son was gay until the invitation arrived. Horton's stepmother tried to persuade him to attend the ceremony; she said he walked away and wouldn't look at the card. He later apologized to Horton for missing the big day and awkwardly wished his son well.

Lewis has been estranged from his father for years and did not bother to invite him. But both mothers and Horton's grandmother flew to California for the Oct. 26 wedding.

The day itself passed in a blur. But leading up to it, the thought of standing on a public beach, in front of people they had lied to for years, filled them with dread. For days, they had practiced the perfect wedding kiss: long enough for photos, but not too sloppy. In the end, they managed only a quick peck. Yet for all the awkwardness, it was a day they treasure.

"In a lifetime we both spent with no support for any of our relationships . . . it is so great to stand up in front of your friends and family, the state of California and the Pacific Ocean, and have somebody recognize it, appreciate it and celebrate it," Lewis said. "That's a huge deal for people like us."

Back in Ohio they packed up and began the drive west. The first four days were like a honeymoon. But Nov. 4 found them at a hotel in Flagstaff, Ariz., watching election returns. Lewis slept fitfully, waking up twice to check on Proposition 8. By 7 a.m., it was clear it had passed. "It was the end of our last hope," Lewis said.

Horton was asleep, so Lewis slipped into the bathroom to cry. He then called his mother from the car.

"They just took away my marriage," he wept. His mother's advice was to fight.

They abandoned plans to visit the Grand Canyon and drove straight to Tehachapi, a rural community known for its apple orchards, wind turbines and maximum security prison. They pulled into a bleak apartment complex and collected their keys.

The magnitude of what they had done fully set in only when they got their Internet connected and looked up how their neighbors in Kern County had voted. Just over 75% voted in favor of Proposition 8.

"It is not an accepting environment," Lewis said.

They spent the night under a comforter on the oatmeal-colored carpet. The next day, they spread sheets of yellow cardboard on the floor and started writing: "Marriage license: $70. Wedding ceremony: $1,000. Plane tickets for family and friends: $2,700. Our wedding: priceless."

"It's liberating to take everything you feel every day and put it on a poster," Horton said, "and hold it up and say, 'I don't care who sees it.' "

Unthinkable even a few months ago, Lewis now has organized a protest himself.

When he found out that the American Academy of Physician Assistants, a professional association to which he belongs, planned to hold its annual conference at San Diego hotels owned by the Manchester Financial Group -- which donated $125,000 to help pass Proposition 8 -- he sent letters to senior officials at the academy, asking them to reconsider, and posted messages on Internet forums, urging colleagues to do the same.

All he could think of was how much money the conference would bring the hotels.

"It just kind of pushed me over the edge," he said. "Somebody has to put their neck on the line, and I was willing to do it, I guess, this time."

Duggar family

Michelle Duggar celebrates Mother’s Day in a much bigger way than any of us
mom’s could imagine. She has announced baby eighteen is on the way.
The 41-year old mom [2008], says she’s thrilled the new addition
will join the seven sisters and 10 brothers. For Mother’s Day,
the kids got together to get mom some pearls with matching pearl earrings.
Dad got her a ring.“We’re enjoying them so much and we would love more,
so the lord has seen fit to give us another one and we’re just thankful,”
Duggar said. At 20, the oldest Duggar child is Josh. Jennifer is
the youngest at 9-months. All the children’s names start with
the letter “J” and all are home-schooled.



This is a special image of a big family ever in the world. may be at ancient time, in Main land China. or even in my country, in the country side. there still many family which has many children. but in big cities of most countries in the world they dont want it, included my place Bandung City, and Jakarta - The capital.
'coz it spends much money. But personally, if i could, if i can having marriage with a girl someday. i would also have many children, but not that much. i could be so very stress of taking care children.



but the most stress in family must be my wife. you know why?
it is because she will wonder, wonder of:
"why my sons love to see penis?"
("of course like me" i have to proudly say it to myself) hahaha, just kidding.
i dont know if i can have sex with woman or not? i just dont have desire with woman even if there is a naked woman infront of me. well, ok, let's check out for more pics on this family by click in here

Pope's sins

The United States, by ruling of the Supreme Court,
did not decriminalize homosexuality until 2003.

"American Idol" has been on the television longer than
consensual same-sex sex has been legal in some U.S. states.

This month, perhaps this week, France will introduce to the United Nations General Assembly a statement about human rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity, including torture, arbitrary arrest, killings, political, social and economic discrimination and the criminalization of same-sex love.

Scott Long of Human Rights Watch called the statement, “One of the most comprehensive affirmations of human rights relating to sexual orientation and gender identity that any international body has seen in recent years.”

The statement, building on the UN’s record of promoting LGBT rights, is neither a resolution nor a declaration. It will not be binding. It will not have the force of law in the member states. It will not even be voted upon.

But it hopefully will have symbolic impact and it will send a message to the 86 countries that criminalize same-sex sexual activity. The penalty for such activity is imprisonment in some nations and death in at least seven nations — Saudi Arabia, Iran, Yemen, Sudan, Mauritania and parts of Nigeria and Pakistan.

All the European Union members, as well as a number of non-EU countries and Latin American nations, have signed on to the statement to decriminalize homosexuality.

The United States, however, has not signed on to the document.

To anyone’s surprise?

And the Vatican has taken a stand against the statement.

To anyone’s surprise?

In defense of the Vatican’s opposition, Archbishop Celestino Migliore said a statement to decriminalize homosexuality would lead to bias against those who discriminate against gays and lesbians.

“If adopted, they would create new and implacable discriminations,” Migliore told Reuters. “For example, states which do not recognize same-sex unions as ‘matrimony’ will be pilloried and made an object of pressure.”

The French government and some GLBT rights groups responded by calling Migliore’s reasoning wrong or misguided and emphasizing that this statement is intended to discourage nations from sentencing gays to prison or death, an argument that should but doesn’t sway the Vatican. Apparently the Catholic Church’s abhorrence of the death penalty is not as great as its abhorrence of homosexuality.

Because I’m a columnist and not the French secretary of human rights or the spokesperson for the French Foreign Ministry, I don’t need to be political. I can confide: I think it would be great if the statement was used to put pressure on nations that promote discrimination, disrespect human dignity and violate human rights.

I can also say that the GLBT community has long maintained that decriminalization has far-reaching impact in regards to employment, marriage, benefits and raising children.

In pushing for decriminalization in the United States, activists and attorneys argued that laws criminalizing consensual sodomy were used to justify denying gays and lesbians jobs and promotions and custody of their children.

My old reporter’s notes quote a director at the American Civil Liberties Union, following the release of the Supreme Court ruling against sodomy laws, as saying, “For years, whenever we have sought equality, we’ve been answered both in courts of law and in the court of public opinion with the claim that we are not entitled to equality because our love makes us criminals. That argument — which has been a serious block to progress — is now a dead letter.”

The Court itself said that the U.S. Constitution protects the right of gays to form intimate relationships and “retain their dignity as free persons.”

Gays, the Court said, have the same right as heterosexuals to “define one’s concept of existence, of meaning, or the universe, and of the mystery of human life.”

The statement soon to be read at the United Nations will not have the influence in any nation that the U.S. Supreme ruling had in this country.

But the statement will affirm, as the Court did, gays rights to form intimate relationships, to live with dignity and to seek equality. And, if this is what the Vatican fears, we should say, “Watch out.”
By Lisa Neff

Guy Porn Resource

About Gay Models and Gay Actors



Have you ever fantasized about your favourite gay model or gay actor?
Chances are all of us have in some point lusted over the
beyond human muscular and toned bodies of some of these gay models,
as well as been mesmerized by their large and satisfying packages.
From hairy chested to clean-shaven gay actors,
the gay porn industry is full of hot and sexy gay men who bear it all for us.



Thank goodness for these men, as we have all stroked to the beat of their sexy and steamy scenes as well as the music in these adult films.Most gay models truthfully had no idea that they wanted or even could star in gay movies. Usually discovered by gay film industry experts, sometimes on the beach or at a gym or sometimes at a bath house of gay circuit event, these gay actors decide to join the ranks because of the excitement, sex and beautiful gay men that they meet on set.

Working as a Gay Model and It's Perks and Downfalls



However, as most gay models and actors have pointed out, their work is very tiring and tough at times. With long hours and multiple shoots for each scene, what we see on gay video is really the cream of the crop. Approximately 90% of all gay video shot is either thrown out, or added to special features on gay video DVDs. Just think about that … if you are watching a one hour long gay video, chances are you are only watching 10% of the entire video footage taken by the gay film producers. It’s actually quite amazing what these sexy and hot gay men have to do on set to prepare themselves and keep themselves looking great and hard.

As a viewer, there are many types of gay models and gay actors out there. From masculine to feminine gay men, these videos take us through scenes that are usually very sexy and steamy resulting in multiple orgasms on screen. It’s the ultimate release for gay men watching these hot and handsome gay men come all over their counterparts. It’s no wonder why gay videos are the biggest selling products online for gay men. We sure love gay erotica and sex!

Our Favourite Gay Models



When it comes to gay models and gay actors, we all have our favourites. Some of the latest polls have shown an increase in interest in Kane O’Farrell, Tom Chase, Erik Rhodes, Dean Monroe, Matthew Rush, Ken Ryker, Roman Heart and Josh Weston. Some of these gay actors are only in their early 20s while others are creeping up to their mid-30s. Nonetheless, all of them represent the hottest and sexiest gay men alive, and you can have them one-on-one at home or on your couch.



For many gay men, they treat gay videos as their career. Many of the gay actors enjoy this career so much, that they stay in the adult porn industry until they retire. Have photos of themselves plastered all over film producers website, fan galleries and their own personal gay actor websites can be quite daunting sometimes, but most of these gay models and actors cherish this part of their lives. After all, being a gay actor or gay model with great looks is enough to get you noticed and famous.

Dedication From Ourself

What are your gifts you bring to the world?

"We each have gifts to offer; ways of being, skills, talents, personality traits and so on that arise naturally from our authentic selves. At times it's easier to focus on what we're missing, on our defaults, or on what we don't have in comparison to others. This perspective goes against our highest truth so depletes us and makes us feel small. When we become aware of what we do have to give we feel full and whole"

Sharing your gifts with others, no matter how small or large, is an expression of love and abundance. You might not be aware of what your gifts are, but know deep inside that you are giving whenever you interact with others from true self. It might be your welcoming smile that warms someone's heart, or your sense of humour that brightens their day.

Perhaps you have the gift of clear communication that makes connecting so easy, or a gentle touch that helps someone feel loved. Maybe you listen from your whole being so others feel truly heard. It might be a skill that you offer like organizing details, planning events, or researching subjects. You may have a talent for creating beauty through art, music or words. Whatever it is, acknowledge it and share it with the world.



Insights
* What are the gifts you are aware of in yourself? Make a list of all your skills, talents and personality traits that you have to offer.

* What gifts are easy for you to share with others? What gifts do you hold back on? What makes it easier for you to be visible with your gifts and what makes it difficult?

* What are the gifts you see in others that you wish you had? When we admire something in others or even envy them, it is often a sign of an undeveloped or un-owned gift within us. Make a list of the gifts you'd like to unearth in yourself.

Inspiration
* Set your intention each day to acknowledge and appreciate the gifts, talents and skills you have to offer yourself, others and the world. Whenever you judge yourself, turn it around by focusing on your gifts.

* Consciously choose to share your gifts with others \u2013 be it your smile, your laugh, your touch, your communication style, your talents or skills. Notice how you feel when you share of yourself freely.

* Find one gift, skill or talent you would like to bring out more and share, and begin doing that today. Let go of any judgment, shyness or resistance that stands in your way.

"Happiness is not so much in having as sharing.
We make a living by what we get,
but we make a life by what we give."
Norman Macewan

Good news from Yahoo health

AIDS
BERLIN - An American man who suffered from AIDS appears to have been cured of the disease 20 months after receiving a targeted bone marrow transplant normally used to fight leukemia, his doctors said.

"German hematologists Eckhard Thiel and Gero Huetter of Berlin's Charite Medical University attend a news conference about a successful treatment of a HIV infected patient in Berlin, on Wednesday, Nov. 12, 2008."

While researchers — and the doctors themselves — caution that the case might be no more than a fluke, others say it may inspire a greater interest in gene therapy to fight the disease that claims 2 million lives each year. The virus has infected 33 million people worldwide.

Dr. Gero Huetter said Wedneday his 42-year-old patient, an American living in Berlin who was not identified, had been infected with the AIDS virus for more than a decade. But 20 months after undergoing a transplant of genetically selected bone marrow, he no longer shows signs of carrying the virus.

"We waited every day for a bad reading," Huetter said.

It has not come. Researchers at Berlin's Charite hospital and medical school say tests on his bone marrow, blood and other organ tissues have all been clean.

However, Dr. Andrew Badley, director of the HIV and immunology research lab at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., said those tests have probably not been extensive enough.

"A lot more scrutiny from a lot of different biological samples would be required to say it's not present," Badley said.

This isn't the first time marrow transplants have been attempted for treating AIDS or HIV infection. In 1999, an article in the journal Medical Hypotheses reviewed the results of 32 attempts reported between 1982 and 1996. In two cases, HIV was apparently eradicated, the review reported.

Huetter's patient was under treatment at Charite for both AIDS and leukemia, which developed unrelated to HIV.

As Huetter — who is a hematologist, not an HIV specialist — prepared to treat the patient's leukemia with a bone marrow transplant, he recalled that some people carry a genetic mutation that seems to make them resistant to HIV infection. If the mutation, called Delta 32, is inherited from both parents, it prevents HIV from attaching itself to cells by blocking CCR5, a receptor that acts as a kind of gateway.

"I read it in 1996, coincidentally," Huetter told reporters at the medical school. "I remembered it and thought it might work."

Roughly one in 1,000 Europeans and Americans have inherited the mutation from both parents, and Huetter set out to find one such person among donors that matched the patient's marrow type. Out of a pool of 80 suitable donors, the 61st person tested carried the proper mutation.

Before the transplant, the patient endured powerful drugs and radiation to kill off his own infected bone marrow cells and disable his immune system — a treatment fatal to between 20 and 30 percent of recipients.

He was also taken off the potent drugs used to treat his AIDS. Huetter's team feared that the drugs might interfere with the new marrow cells' survival. They risked lowering his defenses in the hopes that the new, mutated cells would reject the virus on their own.

Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infections Diseases in the U.S., said the procedure was too costly and too dangerous to employ as a firstline cure. But he said it could inspire researchers to pursue gene therapy as a means to block or suppress HIV.

"It helps prove the concept that if somehow you can block the expression of CCR5, maybe by gene therapy, you might be able to inhibit the ability of the virus to replicate," Fauci said.

David Roth, a professor of epidemiology and international public health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said gene therapy as cheap and effective as current drug treatments is in very early stages of development.

"That's a long way down the line because there may be other negative things that go with that mutation that we don't know about."

Even for the patient in Berlin, the lack of a clear understanding of exactly why his AIDS has disappeared means his future is far from certain.

"The virus is wily," Huetter said. "There could always be a resurgence."
(This version CORRECTS spelling of doctor's name to Huetter throughout.)

Recognize if he is gay or not?

There is a highly accurate way a casual observer
can tell if a man is gay:
Just pay attention to his body type and the way he walks.

Both offer subtle cues about sexual orientation,
but casual observers seem to be able to read
those cues better in gay men than in lesbians,
according to a study from researchers at UCLA,
New York University and Texas A&M.

The study: Eight male and eight female volunteers,
half of whom were gay and half of whom were straight, participated.
Led by Kerri Johnson of UCLA, the team measured their hips, waists and shoulders.
Then each volunteer walked on a treadmill for
two minutes while being filmed by a 3D motion-capture system that
allowed researchers to track the precise
amount of shoulder swagger and hip sway in their gait.


The results: In terms of body motion or gait, gays and lesbians tended to have body types that were unusual for their gender. That is, gay men had hourglass figures, while the lesbians had more tubular bodies. In addition, the gay men tended to sway their hips, while the lesbian women swaggered their shoulders more than their straight counterparts.


The team then showed the treadmill videos--with only the volunteers' backsides visible--to 112 undergraduate observers. These students determined the volunteers' sexual orientation with an overall accuracy rate that exceeded chance, even though they could not see the volunteers' faces or the details of their clothing. Specifically, the students correctly categorized sexual orientation 60 percent of the time for men; however, their accuracy for women did not exceed what they would do just by chance.


"We already know that men and women are built differently and walk differently from each other and that casual observers use this information as clues in making a range of social judgments," Johnson said in a statement announcing the findings. "Now we've found that casual observers can use gait and body shape to judge whether a stranger is gay or straight with a small but perceptible amount of accuracy."

The findings build on recent research that shows that casual observers can often correctly identify sexual orientation with very limited information. A 1999 Harvard study, for example, found that just by looking at the photographs of seated strangers, college undergraduates were able to judge sexual orientation accurately 55 percent of the time.


"Studies like ours are raising questions about the value of the military's 'don't ask, don't tell' policy," Johnson said. "If casual observers can determine sexual orientation with minimal information, then the value in concealing this information certainly appears questionable. Given that we all appear to be able to deduce this information to some degree with just a glance, more comprehensive policies may be required to protect gays against discrimination based on their sexual orientation."

The study findings were published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

Body language

Men’s body language tends to be more dominant.
Many male gestures are meant to signify
“Hey, I’m the boss!” or “Don’t mess with me!”
Men tend to occupy more space when they’re communicating.
They will often show dominance by
spreading their legs while sitting.




BL = Expression

A man will often stand much further away when he’s first talking to another person. Men also tend to recline back when they are listening. This allows him to remain in full control and observe the situation from a distance. That or else he’s hinting that you forgot your deodorant this morning!

Once he has established “control”, he will often stand much closer to the other person that a woman would. This is also a non-verbal gesture meant to signify dominance.

Many men keep their fingers together or
point their fingers while speaking.



Our mothers all taught us that it’s impolite to point, but he probably doesn’t mean it as a negative gesture. Finger pointing often comes naturally to men.
The only time you need to worry is if he’s pointing his finger at you in a police lineup!

Men usually display less warmth and emotion in their faces. They use more reserved facial gestures.
This doesn’t necessarily mean that they are not interested in you or what you have to say. Women need to realize that this is a normal part of male body language.
Just remember, we said men tend to display “less warmth” – not “no warmth”. If a man is shooting daggers at you with his eyes, it’s probably not a good sign.



When is the last time you watched a man’s entire face light up? Well, other than when he buys his first expensive sports car…
Men just tend to show less emotion than women. Women need to learn to recognize and accept this fact.

A man will often tilt his head when he’s talking to you. This is a normal gesture common among males. Women shouldn’t interpret this as a sign he’s trying to check out the women behind you. Although we can’t make any promises…

Men usually face confrontation directly.



If a man finds himself in a heated discussion, he will often take a more direct approach than a woman. He may stare intently at the other person. Or just walk away. But that won’t help our discussion so let’s stick with the staring!

His direct male body language signals that he is ready to face his fears and accept a challenge. Another common trait is for a man to take a step forward and then just stand there.

This is often interpreted by the other person as threatening.
Men tend to fidget more and change body positions more often than women.

Yes, we did say that fidgeting can be a sign of nervousness and anxiety. And it is.
But you also need to realize that men tend to fidget a lot more with their hands and feet.

A man will often pick up a pencil and toss it in the air or shift his body in the chair several times during a conversation. This doesn’t necessarily mean he’s bored –just a typical male!
Men often need more time to be able to focus on something than a woman does. Unless, of course, the “something” is a woman!


They may be displaying a long tradition
of trying to “entice” the woman by showing off.



Have you ever noticed how a man will often fiddle with his new cell phone in front of a woman?
He may be subconsciously trying to show her “Hey, look at me. Look what I have to offer!”

For you, out there, take note of the following male body language:


Dominant body gestures
Reserved facial expressions
Faces confrontation directly
Tendency to fidget
These gestures may be typically annoying to women, but they’re also typically male!

Learning to recognize some common male body language, especially how men flirt, will improve your communication with the opposite sex.

Male Pheromones

Finding the Perfect Mate:



The process of finding a mate is a series of conscious and unconscious determinations made by the brain and body of the organisms seeking to reproduce. While men and women both emit and are affected by pheromones, females unknowingly respond to these chemical signals when searching for a partner. Most females swoon over the looks of handsome men, with defined muscle and beautiful symmetrical facial features, but fail to realize that attraction does not solely revolve around physical attributes: "it's not how you look on the outside but what's on the inside that counts". Perhaps this statement holds a scientific truth.

While looks might appear as the most important factor at the start of any relationship, what drives strong emotional feelings are a series of chemical signals being emitted by the male. These chemical signals, or pheromones, interact with specific sites in female nostrils to cause intense emotional feelings. These sites include a series of vemeronasal organs (VNOs) that process pheromone signals from men and connect directly to a part of the brain that manages basic drives and emotions. 1) Smell: The Forgotten Sense The pheromones act as emotional stimuli and carry an array of markers that can identify a particular male's major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or a cluster of genes that play an important role in immune function. 1) Smell: The Forgotten Sense To respond to continuously changing environmental selection pressures, the MHC and pheromone signals, work effectively with female mate preferences to ensure a diverse selection of allele combination for future progeny. The MHC influences both body odors and body odor preference in human females to ensure the production of genetically diverse offspring.


Pheromones themselves share similarities with odorants, or those chemicals detected by the body as odors, but both simple odors and pheromones stimulate different pathways within the brain. The difference between normal odorant signals and pheromone signals lies in the responses elicited by the brain. Odorant signals result in sensations of smell while pheromone signals trigger a characteristic behavior or psychological response. 2 ) Pheremones: What's in a name? Pheromones are processed by the vomeronasal system or accessory olfactory system, in the brain, which uses a specialized structure in the nose, the vomeronasal organ, to receive chemical signals. On the other hand, normal odor signals interact directly with the main olfactory system. 2 ) Pheremones: What's in a name? > In 1985 researchers at the University of Colorado isolated the VNOs within human nostrils and coincidentally VNOs connected directly to part of the brain responsible for drives and emotion by stimulation of the hypothalamus in the cortex of the brain. 1) Smell: The Forgotten Sense

The pheromones originate in the apocrine glands of the skin located in the axillae of the armpits and pubic region. 1) Smell: The Forgotten Sense > In humans the apocrine glands are focused in areas around the face, chest and wherever body hair exists and become activated after puberty, a time focused on finding a mate. 3) The World of Skin Care In male sexual maturation, the apocrine glands produce steroidal secretions derived from testosterone, as andorstenone (male sweat exposed to oxygen) and androstenol (fresh male sweat). 4) Male Pheromones and Sexual Attraction As a result, pheromones act as hormones or chemical messengers that are transported outside of the body to evoke responses in another. 5) Social Issues Research Centre


Current research suggests that influences of the MHC alter body odor, and male body odor preferences in females. Pheromones work with MHC specific cites as cues to persuade certain human mate choices. 1) Smell: The Forgotten Sense Recent studies support the theory that the MHC acts as a genetic marker of relatedness that prevents inbreeding and thus the exposure of deleterious allele combinations. The MHC consists of a large cluster of genes located on the short arm of Chromosome 6. 6) MHC-Dependent mate preferences in humans The MHC contains many base pair polymorphisms which allow for distinct individual immune defenses, and may define the chemical differences that are distinguishable among male pheromones. 7) The Majorhistocompatability Complex

Female attraction to male specific pheromone secretions, that represent differing immune identifiers, prevents producing multiple progeny with similar MHC loci. The diverse MHC among offspring of female mammals leads to diverse allele combinations that can in turn lead to a more diverse immune function. Through the discouragement of non-random mating, this specificity leads to a decrease in effective population size which changes the distribution of allele frequencies in the next generation. By choosing opposite allele types in the MHC the female is ensuring the energetic investment made by her nine month gestation period will result in a viable and healthy offspring.



In mice, pregnant females that come in contact with male mice that contain similar MHC loci as the fathering male can spontaneously abort the fetus. 6) MHC-Dependent mate preferences in humans The spontaneous abortions are the cause of mother investment to the progeny and preventing the selective process. The great diversity of MHC loci and immune function result in a diverse heterogeneous society and thus allow heterogeneity to be promoted through sexual selection. If people of similar MHC loci mate then the offspring would be at a selective disadvantage due to a lack of diverse immune defense. By the spontaneous abortions, as seen in mice, the mother is eliminating the duplication of multiple equal MHC loci.


The question still remains as to what happens if the female has defective VNOs and cannot effectively identify a male with differing MHC loci. In this case the cycle of heterogeneity fails and perhaps the large percentage of immune dysfunctional individuals can attribute their deficiencies to defects in female mate choice. Perhaps these defective progeny as well inherit the defective VNO trait and add to the large genetic variability of immune diseases. This indicates a defective strain in the cycle of heterogeneity among individuals. Perhaps the complexity of relationships is out of individual control and remains under the harsh grip of chemical signals and input pathways.


Works Cited :
1) Woronczuk, Julia and Medwid, Stephanie, and Neumann, Laura, and Eshelman, Sarah. "Smell and Attraction". Smell: The Forgotten Sense. January 22, 2006
2) Elia T. Ben-Ari. Pheremones: What's in a name?. Biological Sciences, Vol. 48, No. 7. (Jul, 1998),pp. 505-511
3) Dr. John Gray. The World of Skin Care. January 22, 2006.
4) Thorne, Frances and Neave, Nick and Scholey, Andrew and Moss, Mark, and Fink, Bernhard. Male Pheromones and Sexual Attraction. Neuroendocrinology Letters 2002.<>
5) Rationis,Vox. "Sexual Attraction". Social Issues Research Centre. January 28, 2006
6) Claus Wedekind; Thomas Seebeck; Florence Bettens; Alexander J. Paepke. MHC-Dependent mate preferences in humans. The Royal Society : Biological Sciences, Vol. 260, No. 1359 (Jun. 22, 1995), 245-249.
7) RT. "The Majorhistocompatability Complex". January 24, 2006.http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/en/genome/genesandbody/hg05f005.html
Works Consulted
Gale Peter Largey, David Rodney Watson. The Sociology of Odors. The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 77, No. 6. (May, 1972), pp. 1021-1034.
Erik E. Filsinger, Richard A. Fabes. Odor Communication, Pheromones, and Human Families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 47, No. 2.(May, 1985), pp. 349-359

By: Danielle Marck

================
NB:
Vocabulary: pher·o·mone [Function: noun]
Pronunciation: \ˈfer-ə-ˌmōn\
Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary phero-
(from Greek pherein to carry) + -mone (as in hormone) — more at bear [Date: 1959]
"a chemical substance that is usually produced by an animal and serves especially as a stimulus to other individuals of the same species for one or more behavioral responses"
— pher·o·mon·al \ˌfer-ə-ˈmō-nəl\ adjective